Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands,warning or instructions, and (if you use "please") to make a request. It is one of the three moods of an English verb (indicative, imperative and subjunctive). For example:
Give me that tape, please.To make the imperative, use the infinitive of the verb without "to"
For example:
Come here!
Sit down!To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't" before the verb:
For example:
Don't go!
Do not walk on the grass.You can also use "let's" before the verb if you are including yourself in the imperative. The negative of "let's" is "let's not".
For example:
Let's stop now.
Let's have some lunch.
Let's not argue
Let's not tell her about it.Orders
Adults do not usually give each other orders, unless they are in a position of authority. However, adults can give orders to children and to animals. The intonation of an order is important: each word is stressed, and the tone falls at the end of the sentence:
For example:
Sit down now!
* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now". Warnings
You can use the imperative to warn someone of danger. All the words in the warning are stressed, but the last word has a higher tone than the first word:
For example:
Sit down now!
* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".
Watch out!
Look out!
Don't cross!Advice
When you give advice using the imperative, the words are stressed normally.
For example:
Don't tell him you're resigning now! Wait until Monday when he's in a better mood.
Don't drink alcohol
Don't eat heavy mealsRequests
You can also use the imperative to make a request, but you should use a polite word before the verb:
For example:
Please take a seat.
Please wait here.
Please hold the line.
Please don't smoke here
An interrogative sentence is a type of sentence which usually asks a question and use a question mark (?). They may ask for information or for confirmation or denial of a statement. They typically begin with a question word such as what, who, or how, or an auxiliary verb such as do/does, can or would.
For example:
Do you speak French?
Will you go to the supermarket for me?
How can I do that
Exclamative sentences are used to make exclamations. These are also referred to as exclamative sentences or exclamatives. These are used to express strong feelings, strong emphasis or emotion.
Exclamative sentence can begin with "what" or "how"
For example
What a naughty dog he is!
What an amazing game that was!
How well everyone played!Examples
What a stupid man he is!
What a surprise!
What a nice hat you've got!
How wonderful you look!
I hate homework!
A ditransitive verb is one that takes two complements, a direct object and an indirect object at the same time.
Examples
He gave her the letter.
* "The letter" is the direct object, what he gave, and "her" is the indirect object, the person he gave it to. Examples
He gave her the letter.
* "The letter" is the direct object, what he gave, and "her" is the indirect object, the person he gave it to.
Robin gave Linda a book.
The teacher asked James a question.
That horrid music gave me a headache.
Denominal adjectives are adjectives derived from nouns.
For example:
* A mathematical puzzle. (a puzzle based on mathematics)
* A biological experiment. (an experiment in biology)
* A wooden boat. (a boat made of wood)
Denominals include adjectives which refer to nationality:
* A Russian lady. (a lady who comes from Russia)
* German goods. (goods produced in Germany).
Denominal adjectives of this type should be carefully distinguished from nominal adjectives denoting nationalities.
* Nominal Adjective: The French are noted for their wines
* Denominal Adjective: The French people are noted for their wines
Examples:
* Friday is a buzy day for me.
* The Chinese Embassy is just down de road.
* The Prime Minister is a close friend of mine.
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Demonstrative pronoun |
Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns that point to specific things. "This, that, these, those, none and neither" are Demonstrative Pronouns that substitute nouns when the nouns they replace can be understood from the context.
At the same time, to indicate whether they are close or far, in space or time, from the speaker in the moment of speaking. They also indicate whether they are replacing singular or plural words. Some grammars describe them as members of the class of function words called "determiners", since they identify nouns and other nominals.
* "This" (singular) and "These" (plural) refer to an object or person NEAR the speaker.
* "That" (singular) and "Those" (plural) refer to an object or person further AWAY.
For example:
* This is unbelievable.
* In this example, "this" can refer to an object or situation close in space or in time to the speaker.
* That is unbelievable.
* In this example, "that" can refer to an object or situation farther in space or in time to the speaker.
* These are unbelievable.
* In this example, "these" can refer to some objects close in space or in time to the speaker.
* Those are unbelievable.
* In this example, "those" can refer to some objects farther in space or in time to the speaker.
Position
* Before the noun.
* Before the word 'one'.
* Before an adjective + noun.
* Alone when the noun is 'understood'
Examples
* Who owns that house? (distant - physical )
* Is this John's house? (near - physical )
* That's nothing to do with me.. (distant - psychological )
* This is a nice surprise! (near - psychological )
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| Definite article |
A member of the class of "determiners" that restricts or particularizes a noun, it is used to restrict the meaning of a noun to make it refer to something that is known by both the speaker or writer and the listener or reader. Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change according to the gender or number of the noun they refer to. "The" is the definite article is English.
For example:
* He's gone to the shops.
* Here the listener knows which shops I mean
Notes:
You use "the" when you know that the listener knows or can work out what particular person/thing you are talking about.
For example:
* The apple you ate was rotten.
* Did you lock the car?
You should also use "the" when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about.
For example:
* She's got two children; a girl and a boy. The girl's eight and the boy's fourteen.
* An elephant and a mouse fell in love. The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk, andthe elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose.
We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe.
For example:
* the North Pole, the equator.
We use the to talk about rivers, oceans and seas.
For example:
* the Nile, the Pacific, the English channel
We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing.
For example:
* the rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, the White House etc..
It can be used to refer to a group.
For example:
* the Japanese, the old
* The car has changed our way of living.
Before superlatives and ordinal numbers.
For example:
* the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.
In sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object.
For example:
* The man who wrote this book is famous.
* My house is the one with a blue door.
With decades, or groups of years.
For example:
* He grew up in the seventies
